Jair Bolsonaro has been detained after authorities concluded he posed a serious risk of fleeing while under home confinement.
The ex-president was convicted of orchestrating a military coup in September and handed more than a 27-year term in jail, but he remained under home detention pending legal challenges.
Brazilian Supreme Court Justice Alexandre de Moraes said the move to detain the elderly politician was a preventative measure after recent developments came to light.
This included attempting to break his ankle monitor and a summons to a public vigil that could facilitate a potential flight.
In a filing authorising the detention, Justice Moraes said data from the unit overseeing his home detention suggested the ex-president's "intention to break the electronic ankle bracelet to ensure success in his escape.
This, it said, would be "facilitated by the disorder caused by the demonstration called by his son.
His child, Flávio, who holds office as a senator, called for a meeting of his backers near Bolsonaro's home to take place on the weekend.
Flávio Bolsonaro wrote on online platforms on the previous day: Do you plan to struggle for your homeland, or watch it all from your smartphone there on your sofa? I call on you to struggle with us."
He said the gathering would be so backers could "pray for his health and for the return of democracy in our land."
Part of Justice Moraes's decision was the potential of his move to embassies near the home, considering that the investigations revealed a record of organizing to ask for protection through a embassy office", a declaration said.
The legal document highlights that the United States embassy in the national capital, Brasilia, is located around 13km from the former president's residence.
The former president's legal troubles have generated frustration from fellow populist conservative US President President Trump, leading him to implement a fifty percent tax on Brazilian product imports.
He is being detained in a federal law enforcement building in Brazil's capital city and will undergo a detention review on the next day.
It was only on the previous day that the his legal team asked the High Court to authorize him to complete his entire prison term under domestic detention, with digital surveillance.
They also petitioned that the former president be allowed to exit his dwelling for medical treatment, saying he needed ongoing care for respiratory ailments and other ailments.
He was determined responsible of leading a scheme aimed at retaining his authority after he lost the national vote to his ideological adversary, President Lula.
High Court judges said that he had knowledge of a scheme which encompassed plans to murder the current president and his VP candidate, Alckmin, and to imprison and murder Justice Moraes - the Supreme Court justice who has been overseeing his judicial proceedings.
The scheme was prevented because it couldn't obtain the backing of the army and air force commanders. Lula was inaugurated without issue on 1 January 2023.
But a week later, on the eighth of January, thousands of Bolsonaro supporters attacked and damaged official structures in the national capital, the capital city.
The police stepped in and around fifteen hundred individuals were taken into custody.
The magistrates found that the protesters had been provoked by the former president whose strategy, they said, was for the national armed forces to step in, bring back stability and return him to office.
At the period, his attorneys called the 27 years and three months sentence extremely harsh.
He was also barred from campaigning for office until the year 2060 - eight years later after the end of his sentence.
The former president called the trial a political persecution and said it was aimed at blocking him participating in the 2026 presidential election.
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